連詞用法辨析
(1)because,as,since,for的用法區(qū)別
① because“因為”,表示原因的語氣最強,可用來回答why提出的問題,常表示必然的因果關系,從句一般放在主句后面;另外,可以引導表語從句,可用于強調句等,而其余三者則不行。例:
He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.(他今天沒有上學因為他病得厲害。)
② as“因為”,表示一般的因果關系,語氣比because弱,說明比較明顯的原因,它引導的從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。例:
As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.(因他未及時準備好,我們沒等他就走了。)
③ since“既然”,表示對方已經知道、無需加以說明的原因或事實。例:
I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.(既然你很忙我就叫林濤和我一起去吧。)
④ for“因為”,是并列連詞(其余三者為從屬連詞),語氣較弱,用來補充說明理由或提供一種解釋。例:
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.(昨晚一定下過雨,你看今天早上地面是濕的。)
(2)when,while,as的用法區(qū)別
① while引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是可延續(xù)的,而when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞是可延續(xù)的,也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞。例:
When / While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.(不可以用while)
②從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時,只能用when引導這個從句,不可用as或while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
③表示“隨著……”,連詞用as,不用when或while。例:
As the election approached, the violence got worse.
(3)if,whether的用法區(qū)別
①互換的場合
引導賓語從句表示“是否”時,兩者??苫Q。例:
He didn’t tell me if / whether he would come.(他沒有告訴我他是否會來。)
②通常用if的場合
★當引導一個否定的賓語從句時,通常用if而不用whether。例:
She asked me if Tom didn’t come.(她問我Tom是不是沒有來。)
★若是引導條件狀語從句,則只能用if(意為“如果”)。
③通常用whether的場合
★引導主語從句且放在句首時。例:
Whether he will come is still a question.(他是否會來還是個問題。)
注:若在句首使用形式主語it,而將主語從句放在句末,則有時也可用 if 來引導。例:
It was not known whether / if he would come.(不知他是否會來。)
★引導表語從句時。例:
The question is whether we should go on with the work.(問題是我們是否應該繼續(xù)進行這項工作。)
★引導賓語從句且放在句首時。例:
Whether he is single I don’t know.(他是否單身,我不知道。)
★引導讓步狀語從句時。例:
Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.(不管他同意與否,我都要那樣做。)
★與or連用分別引導兩個從句時。例:
I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.(我不知道是他錯了,還是她錯了。)
★用于不定式之前時。例:
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.(我真是哭笑不得。)
★用于介詞之后時。例:
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.(這取決于信是否來得及時。)
★直接與or not 連用時。例:
I will write to you whether or not I can come.(我能不能來,我將寫信告訴你。)
【典型例題】
Tired of her endless complaints, I walked out of the room _____ she could open her mouth.
A. before B. until C. when D. once
【答案】A。解析:考查狀語從句的用法。句意:厭惡了她無盡的抱怨,她還未來得及張嘴我就走出了房間。Before在……之前,未來得及。故選A。